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Predicting word-level reading time in Romanian text by combining language models with the cognitive mechanics of reading.

Real data · participant 028 reading Solaris

Descoperirea lui Solaris avusese loc aproape cu o sută de ani înaintea nașterii mele. Planeta gravitează în jurul a doi sori: unul roșu, altul albastru. Timp de peste patru decenii, de ea nu s-a apropiat nici o navă.

Skipped (0 ms)ShortLong fixation (900 ms+)
39.19
Final score / 100
36
Baseline
01

The problem

People skip words, revisit earlier text, and pause to process information. Predicting reading time means accounting for both language context and individual reading behavior.

02

What we built

A two-stage hurdle model first predicts whether a word is skipped, then estimates reading time for words that are read. Lexical features, contextual RoBERT embeddings, and surprisal help model that behavior.

03

Under the hood

Character-offset tracking preserves alignment across transformer chunks. Lag and lead features capture spillover, while clause positions model sentence wrap-up effects.